A former manager of mine was fond of saying, "Never ascribe to higher thinking that which can be explained by stupidity". The narrative of whites being dispossessed is red meat for Trump's political base. And Trump is probably being (mis) informed by Musk, who is pissed off over Starlink.
Very likely, Keith. What I do want to highlight is that there is an economic incentive at play, too. How much it actually influenced the decision is up for debate, but it can’t be discounted entirely. Even politically motivated actions often have underlying economic rationales – whether intentional or incidental.
I have to say that this reads as "When you're a kid with a hammer, everything looks like a nail". The notion that there is an economic explanation or logic to this action, that it is caused by economic motives, just doesn't work in this case. You can argue, and perhaps this is what you mean to argue, that there could be an economic rationale that would be a better one than the real explanation or cause, but it is not the actual cause.
Moreover, you don't really seem to be appraising the underlying reasons for fewer people to be in the agricultural sector in the United States, or you are acting like it is a lack of intrinsic motivation and a lack of meritorious skill with reference to agriculture which can be remedied by importing more motivated and skilled farmers. What's happening in the American agricultural sector is not a result of young people leaving the field due to a lack of motivation and skill, it's a result of consolidation by large agri-businesses and the shift of a lot of global-scale agriculture to other countries, and the resulting difficulty of running an independent farm successfully. It's as if you tried to explain the failure of small retail businesses in the United States over the last forty years by saying "not enough people want to run an independent clothing store on Main Street" while ignoring both the coming of Wal-Mart and Amazon while also not looking at the impact of hedge funds and private equity on brick-and-mortar retail at all scales of operation.
Nobody behind this policy shift was thinking about helping out agriculture by importing skilled farmers. Importing skilled farmers wouldn't affect the situation of agriculture in the U.S. in the first place even if that was the logic. The story here is pretty much white Christian nationalism in the U.S. being a newly empowered sociopolitical position with maybe a small side-helping of Musk's disdain for post-1993 South Africa.
Tim, perhaps. But I think you're underestimating the extent to which skilled agricultural labour is in short supply in the U.S. This isn't some fringe claim – it's well-documented. A decade ago, Rob Davis, president of the Montana Grain Growers Association, put it bluntly: “The qualified ag labor that today’s ag requires is just not out there.” He noted that while local hires were available, they rarely lasted more than two weeks. As he put it: “Nobody wants to do the work that we need done.”
This shortage is precisely why South African farm workers have become a fixture in US agriculture. As one report explained: “Working 12 or more hours a day, six days a week, South African guest workers can gross more than $4,000 a month in the United States. After mandatory deductions for U.S. federal income tax, a frugal worker could bring home in 10 months what it would have taken him five years to earn in South Africa.”
And it's not just anecdotal. The Economist ran a piece two years ago on why Mississippi farmers have increasingly turned to South Africans. One farm manager described local labour as unwilling to do more than the bare minimum, while South Africans, in his words, “if I say jump, they say how high?” That willingness – combined with skills – makes them highly valued.
Of course, large agribusiness consolidation and global supply chains have transformed American farming, as you point out. But that doesn’t negate the fact that on the ground, farmers have been struggling to find workers. Tens of thousands of South Africans have been employed as seasonal agricultural workers in the US over the past two decades. Given this, it’s not far-fetched to think that Trump’s framing of the Executive Order – however politically motivated – may also be shaped by a very real economic reality of his constituents.
I’m not dismissing the cultural or political explanations – far from it. But to view this only through the lens of white Christian nationalism, while ignoring the broader economic context, is just as much of a simplification.
I still think you are off the mark even in imagining a hypothetical "idealistic" explanation. But you are just plain wrong as an actual explanation of what is actually happened. It is in fact spectacularly far-fetched to think this is what's going on with this order. It is not on anybody's mind in the White House. If it emerges as a claim, it will be at best a post-facto attempt to vaguely excuse the blatant white supremacism of the actual reasoning, and I would be surprised if they went that far, since we are well past the dog-whistling relative subtlety of past administrations.
If you were right, then the White House would be generally modifying their view of asylum and immigration policy with a responsive awareness of the labor market needs of American businesses, both for skilled and unskilled labor that they do not have on hand in sufficient supply. They are not. This administration is generally hostile to the entire idea of asylum (which is the specific offer that Trump is making to Afrikaners who are South African citizens) and is for no other group or country offering to extend asylum in order to recruit a particular kind of skilled laborer.
I have a different take on the immigration question. Given the Republican Party’s broader anti-immigration stance, could this not be a politically palatable way to bring in high-skilled migrants?
Imagine there had been no history of South African farmers working on US farms over the past two decades – no established networks, no familiarity with their experiences in South Africa and the skills they offer, no recognition of their economic contribution. If that were the case, I find it hard to believe that an asylum policy for Afrikaners would have emerged at all. That suggests to me that, beneath the political and ideological framing, there is still an economic undercurrent shaping the decision.
Johan, would it not make more sense for them to focus on the current situation of the target group (including Afrikaans expats in other countries) and look at their skills and political dispositions, rather than the small group of (possible) Afrikaners already in the US? I mean, if I'm looking for Syrian doctors for Canada, I'm not going to go looking at Syrian doctors in Canada. For assimilation and performance, sure, but for sheer potential you need to look at the origin and not the destination. Do you know if anything like this was done?
A few years ago I chatted with some young “Boere seuns” who worked on commercial farms in the US. They stated that there are many young men from farms in the Boland, Free State, North West who goes to work on farms in the mid West. They know the machinery, know & accept the working hours of farm life, work for cheap (in dollar terms), etc. This argument was strengthened when I read this story which appeared in the NYTimes as well:
Most of these guys plan to come back after a year or two with banks full of $$$ and work on the family farm. However, its vey likely that 20%-30% may decide to stay in the US - either meeting a farm girl there, getting a good job offer as farm manager on a corporate farm, hearing news about a latest farm attack in area where their family farm is situated, loadshedding, or just encouragement from parents who want their kids to be safe & successful. And lets be honest, most of them are right leaning & approve of Trump.
Two weeks ago, Trump very publicly and brashly showed us that he thought Spain instead of South Africa was part of BRICS. This is the leader of the free world not knowing how even the most basic pieces of the puzzle fit together, not to mention the incredibly complex layers of history, economy and diplomacy. (Don't mention to him that Egypt, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Iran and the UAE joined BRICS in 2024, because this will no doubt be news as well and could lead to more fits, sanctions and tariffs).
The economic arguments you are making, which I believe are sound, were probably not considered in this flurry of EOs and I think you are being overly generous to Trump and his team if you think that they were.
South Africa caused great annoyance to Israel in its genocide case in the ICJ. What Trump (Musk?) is attempting is a purely punitive measure, designed to stoke division and cut an economic line to South Africa, for all the reasons you mentioned. The have already cut all aid, which was the main blow. This is just the kicker.
There could be desperate cases for which asylum could be a genuine lifeline, but what I'm seeing in the vast majority of responses (including from Solidariteit and Orania) is that Afrikaners are for South Africa. Even when, after all the "persecution", you arrive in the US with your hat, your dog and family in tow, there is a nonzero chance (as Musk would put it) that you could get deported back because Trump had already forgotten what an Afrikaner was. He does not stand to lose much, either way.
Update (11 Feb):
- The EO (signed 7 Feb) already seems to have been tweaked a bit. The summarised version that appears on the US Embassy to South Africa's website (10 Feb) has rephrased the part "promote the resettlement of Afrikaner refugees escaping government-sponsored race-based discrimination" to read "resettle disfavored minorities in South Africa discriminated against because of their race as refugees" (sic). Is this an attempt to include non-Afrikaans speakers or is it an attempt to sound less ideological?
Most of Trump’s EOs have been in development for at least the past 2 years, with the effort ramped up over the past 3 months & likely with a team of 20-50 people broken into small teams focussing on specific issues. These people would have talked to & consulted many people (including state officials, corporate lobbyists, politicians, etc) before submitting a draft to the higher ups for their final edits & approval, & only then to the WH for their approval & sign off. The PR people would also have contributed on how to “sell” the EO to the broader public & Trump supporters, which could easily be half truths & lots of PR spin. All the factors Johan identifies likely influenced the EO, with some being more important for some people than others.
Sarel, I agree that this sort of forethought should be the case, and I hope for the sake of the world that it is - but there are a million moving parts right now. The current tactic to "flood the zone" is intended to saturate opposition, media resources and attention spans. But it also has has the effect of saturating the administration's own ability to plan, predict and respond. Furthermore, Musk and DOGE are clearly happy to move fast and break things. This is an easily-reversible decision and as you have said, most of the "refugees" would lean right, which is why Trump has nothing to lose here. The most embarrassing thing that could happen here is that nobody takes him up on it, which is what I'm hoping for.
Musk operates in a constant state of urgency, pushing his teams beyond exhaustion and treating obstacles as mere physics problems to solve. As Walter Isaacson notes, his philosophy is simple: move fast, break barriers, and accept collateral damage. This 'wartime mindset', as Jason Crawford recently put it – seen in SpaceX’s race to reusable rockets, Tesla’s Model 3 crunch, and even his impulsive ventures like Twitte – makes his high-stakes decisions more predictable. For Musk, peace is never an option; the battle never ends.
I see a lot of similarities between Zuma in SA and Trump in the US, with the key difference the one is Black African who prescribed to African/Zulu nationalism, and the other a White American. I, tongue-in-cheek say, that they both studied at the Putin School for International Relations & Development in Moscow, as did Bolsanaro in Brazil and a few others.
Trump & Musk are doing to the US government what Zuma & the Guptas did to the SA government, but only on steroids. The damage done to the different US government departments & agencies will be irreparable and will take years to fix, if at all. How long will it take, and what will be the impetus, that will "force Musk to flee to Dubai/Moscow to avoid prosecution in the US"??
Yeah - I was watching that newscast live, and kept yelling at the TV - tell him Spain is EU, not BRICS. However there is simply no courage amongst anyone who works for Trump.
I'm an American who lived in South Africa for many years so I have an interesting perspective on this topic. I actually took a course of yours at Stellenbosch in 2008 or 2009. I still remember your description of the failures of the South African textile industry. Afrikaners and Americans are more culturally similar than one may think. In fact almost all of my Afrikaner friends from Stellenbosch have moved to the United States, particularly to Austin Texas. To them, Texas is a safer South Africa with more economic opportunities in a place that mirrors many of the social and lifestyle aspects of South Africa. Many of these South Africans have become prominent in American business and have interacted with Trump. Trump attaches himself to the personal stories of people he interacts with. I think the real question is "how does South Africa keep the Afrikaners in South Africa?" and not dell on Trumps American invitation because I think many were leaving with or without the invitation.
The term 'Afrikaner' is problematic – an appropriation of African identity, to say the least. It suggests indigeneity. 'Boers' would be a more appropriate term to identify African-born Europeans of Dutch colonial descent.
Afrikaner is literally the German word for African. The Boers, as you describe, adopted/appropriated this term to describe themselves and differentiate themselves from the Dutch. By doing this, we symbolically separated ourselves from other, White/European settlers.
To me, the psychological significance in saying I'm an Afrikaner is much deeper than simply "African-born Europeans of Dutch colonial descent". To me, I'm stating that I identify as an African first and foremost, not as a European who happens to live in Africa or was born in Africa. Just as the Zulu, Xhosa, Venda, Nama, or any other group whose name implies that they are African, Afrikaners are the "white tribe in Africa". Fortunately/unfortunately, it also comes with its own history, the good, the bad and the ugly.
Sometimes the grass looks greener on the side, but wait untill you are on other side it is then that one realises that it's not at all.
Basically this means that all those South African Afrikaner farmers who are fascinated by the Trumps call to over to the States, will only realise when it is too late that farming life in America is not the same as in sunny ☀️☀️☀️ South Africa.
Also taking into consideration the weather conditions it's not going to be a smooth sailing but a bumpy rough sea ⛵⛵⛵ tide.
The American soul and it's seeds are total different and as mentioned earlier the weather ☁️☁️☁️ conditions are vast different.
Another question would be why are Americans farmers not interested in farming or young school leavers are interested. Something is amiss and it's not right.
To all Afrikaners who want to immigrate to America as per Trumps invitation. Please be advised that Trump is only interested in what gives him profit and not about your welfare being.
My advise to you is "think 🤔💭 before you leap because once you leap you cannot think 🤔🧐 again"
Also remember that your friends, colleagues, extended families are here in Mzansi South Africa.
America is a treacherous country and not for sissies. Please think 🤔🤔 wise 🦉🦉🦉 like an owl 🦉🦉🦉.
A former manager of mine was fond of saying, "Never ascribe to higher thinking that which can be explained by stupidity". The narrative of whites being dispossessed is red meat for Trump's political base. And Trump is probably being (mis) informed by Musk, who is pissed off over Starlink.
Very likely, Keith. What I do want to highlight is that there is an economic incentive at play, too. How much it actually influenced the decision is up for debate, but it can’t be discounted entirely. Even politically motivated actions often have underlying economic rationales – whether intentional or incidental.
Johan, of course. I much appreciated your insights.
I have to say that this reads as "When you're a kid with a hammer, everything looks like a nail". The notion that there is an economic explanation or logic to this action, that it is caused by economic motives, just doesn't work in this case. You can argue, and perhaps this is what you mean to argue, that there could be an economic rationale that would be a better one than the real explanation or cause, but it is not the actual cause.
Moreover, you don't really seem to be appraising the underlying reasons for fewer people to be in the agricultural sector in the United States, or you are acting like it is a lack of intrinsic motivation and a lack of meritorious skill with reference to agriculture which can be remedied by importing more motivated and skilled farmers. What's happening in the American agricultural sector is not a result of young people leaving the field due to a lack of motivation and skill, it's a result of consolidation by large agri-businesses and the shift of a lot of global-scale agriculture to other countries, and the resulting difficulty of running an independent farm successfully. It's as if you tried to explain the failure of small retail businesses in the United States over the last forty years by saying "not enough people want to run an independent clothing store on Main Street" while ignoring both the coming of Wal-Mart and Amazon while also not looking at the impact of hedge funds and private equity on brick-and-mortar retail at all scales of operation.
Nobody behind this policy shift was thinking about helping out agriculture by importing skilled farmers. Importing skilled farmers wouldn't affect the situation of agriculture in the U.S. in the first place even if that was the logic. The story here is pretty much white Christian nationalism in the U.S. being a newly empowered sociopolitical position with maybe a small side-helping of Musk's disdain for post-1993 South Africa.
Tim, perhaps. But I think you're underestimating the extent to which skilled agricultural labour is in short supply in the U.S. This isn't some fringe claim – it's well-documented. A decade ago, Rob Davis, president of the Montana Grain Growers Association, put it bluntly: “The qualified ag labor that today’s ag requires is just not out there.” He noted that while local hires were available, they rarely lasted more than two weeks. As he put it: “Nobody wants to do the work that we need done.”
This shortage is precisely why South African farm workers have become a fixture in US agriculture. As one report explained: “Working 12 or more hours a day, six days a week, South African guest workers can gross more than $4,000 a month in the United States. After mandatory deductions for U.S. federal income tax, a frugal worker could bring home in 10 months what it would have taken him five years to earn in South Africa.”
And it's not just anecdotal. The Economist ran a piece two years ago on why Mississippi farmers have increasingly turned to South Africans. One farm manager described local labour as unwilling to do more than the bare minimum, while South Africans, in his words, “if I say jump, they say how high?” That willingness – combined with skills – makes them highly valued.
Of course, large agribusiness consolidation and global supply chains have transformed American farming, as you point out. But that doesn’t negate the fact that on the ground, farmers have been struggling to find workers. Tens of thousands of South Africans have been employed as seasonal agricultural workers in the US over the past two decades. Given this, it’s not far-fetched to think that Trump’s framing of the Executive Order – however politically motivated – may also be shaped by a very real economic reality of his constituents.
I’m not dismissing the cultural or political explanations – far from it. But to view this only through the lens of white Christian nationalism, while ignoring the broader economic context, is just as much of a simplification.
I still think you are off the mark even in imagining a hypothetical "idealistic" explanation. But you are just plain wrong as an actual explanation of what is actually happened. It is in fact spectacularly far-fetched to think this is what's going on with this order. It is not on anybody's mind in the White House. If it emerges as a claim, it will be at best a post-facto attempt to vaguely excuse the blatant white supremacism of the actual reasoning, and I would be surprised if they went that far, since we are well past the dog-whistling relative subtlety of past administrations.
If you were right, then the White House would be generally modifying their view of asylum and immigration policy with a responsive awareness of the labor market needs of American businesses, both for skilled and unskilled labor that they do not have on hand in sufficient supply. They are not. This administration is generally hostile to the entire idea of asylum (which is the specific offer that Trump is making to Afrikaners who are South African citizens) and is for no other group or country offering to extend asylum in order to recruit a particular kind of skilled laborer.
I have a different take on the immigration question. Given the Republican Party’s broader anti-immigration stance, could this not be a politically palatable way to bring in high-skilled migrants?
Imagine there had been no history of South African farmers working on US farms over the past two decades – no established networks, no familiarity with their experiences in South Africa and the skills they offer, no recognition of their economic contribution. If that were the case, I find it hard to believe that an asylum policy for Afrikaners would have emerged at all. That suggests to me that, beneath the political and ideological framing, there is still an economic undercurrent shaping the decision.
Johan, would it not make more sense for them to focus on the current situation of the target group (including Afrikaans expats in other countries) and look at their skills and political dispositions, rather than the small group of (possible) Afrikaners already in the US? I mean, if I'm looking for Syrian doctors for Canada, I'm not going to go looking at Syrian doctors in Canada. For assimilation and performance, sure, but for sheer potential you need to look at the origin and not the destination. Do you know if anything like this was done?
A few years ago I chatted with some young “Boere seuns” who worked on commercial farms in the US. They stated that there are many young men from farms in the Boland, Free State, North West who goes to work on farms in the mid West. They know the machinery, know & accept the working hours of farm life, work for cheap (in dollar terms), etc. This argument was strengthened when I read this story which appeared in the NYTimes as well:
https://www.news24.com/news24/xarchive/bi-archive/a-mississippi-farm-is-being-sued-for-discrimination-in-its-use-of-white-south-african-labour-2021-9
Most of these guys plan to come back after a year or two with banks full of $$$ and work on the family farm. However, its vey likely that 20%-30% may decide to stay in the US - either meeting a farm girl there, getting a good job offer as farm manager on a corporate farm, hearing news about a latest farm attack in area where their family farm is situated, loadshedding, or just encouragement from parents who want their kids to be safe & successful. And lets be honest, most of them are right leaning & approve of Trump.
Two weeks ago, Trump very publicly and brashly showed us that he thought Spain instead of South Africa was part of BRICS. This is the leader of the free world not knowing how even the most basic pieces of the puzzle fit together, not to mention the incredibly complex layers of history, economy and diplomacy. (Don't mention to him that Egypt, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Iran and the UAE joined BRICS in 2024, because this will no doubt be news as well and could lead to more fits, sanctions and tariffs).
The economic arguments you are making, which I believe are sound, were probably not considered in this flurry of EOs and I think you are being overly generous to Trump and his team if you think that they were.
South Africa caused great annoyance to Israel in its genocide case in the ICJ. What Trump (Musk?) is attempting is a purely punitive measure, designed to stoke division and cut an economic line to South Africa, for all the reasons you mentioned. The have already cut all aid, which was the main blow. This is just the kicker.
There could be desperate cases for which asylum could be a genuine lifeline, but what I'm seeing in the vast majority of responses (including from Solidariteit and Orania) is that Afrikaners are for South Africa. Even when, after all the "persecution", you arrive in the US with your hat, your dog and family in tow, there is a nonzero chance (as Musk would put it) that you could get deported back because Trump had already forgotten what an Afrikaner was. He does not stand to lose much, either way.
Update (11 Feb):
- The EO (signed 7 Feb) already seems to have been tweaked a bit. The summarised version that appears on the US Embassy to South Africa's website (10 Feb) has rephrased the part "promote the resettlement of Afrikaner refugees escaping government-sponsored race-based discrimination" to read "resettle disfavored minorities in South Africa discriminated against because of their race as refugees" (sic). Is this an attempt to include non-Afrikaans speakers or is it an attempt to sound less ideological?
Most of Trump’s EOs have been in development for at least the past 2 years, with the effort ramped up over the past 3 months & likely with a team of 20-50 people broken into small teams focussing on specific issues. These people would have talked to & consulted many people (including state officials, corporate lobbyists, politicians, etc) before submitting a draft to the higher ups for their final edits & approval, & only then to the WH for their approval & sign off. The PR people would also have contributed on how to “sell” the EO to the broader public & Trump supporters, which could easily be half truths & lots of PR spin. All the factors Johan identifies likely influenced the EO, with some being more important for some people than others.
Sarel, I agree that this sort of forethought should be the case, and I hope for the sake of the world that it is - but there are a million moving parts right now. The current tactic to "flood the zone" is intended to saturate opposition, media resources and attention spans. But it also has has the effect of saturating the administration's own ability to plan, predict and respond. Furthermore, Musk and DOGE are clearly happy to move fast and break things. This is an easily-reversible decision and as you have said, most of the "refugees" would lean right, which is why Trump has nothing to lose here. The most embarrassing thing that could happen here is that nobody takes him up on it, which is what I'm hoping for.
Musk operates in a constant state of urgency, pushing his teams beyond exhaustion and treating obstacles as mere physics problems to solve. As Walter Isaacson notes, his philosophy is simple: move fast, break barriers, and accept collateral damage. This 'wartime mindset', as Jason Crawford recently put it – seen in SpaceX’s race to reusable rockets, Tesla’s Model 3 crunch, and even his impulsive ventures like Twitte – makes his high-stakes decisions more predictable. For Musk, peace is never an option; the battle never ends.
I see a lot of similarities between Zuma in SA and Trump in the US, with the key difference the one is Black African who prescribed to African/Zulu nationalism, and the other a White American. I, tongue-in-cheek say, that they both studied at the Putin School for International Relations & Development in Moscow, as did Bolsanaro in Brazil and a few others.
Trump & Musk are doing to the US government what Zuma & the Guptas did to the SA government, but only on steroids. The damage done to the different US government departments & agencies will be irreparable and will take years to fix, if at all. How long will it take, and what will be the impetus, that will "force Musk to flee to Dubai/Moscow to avoid prosecution in the US"??
Yeah - I was watching that newscast live, and kept yelling at the TV - tell him Spain is EU, not BRICS. However there is simply no courage amongst anyone who works for Trump.
I'm an American who lived in South Africa for many years so I have an interesting perspective on this topic. I actually took a course of yours at Stellenbosch in 2008 or 2009. I still remember your description of the failures of the South African textile industry. Afrikaners and Americans are more culturally similar than one may think. In fact almost all of my Afrikaner friends from Stellenbosch have moved to the United States, particularly to Austin Texas. To them, Texas is a safer South Africa with more economic opportunities in a place that mirrors many of the social and lifestyle aspects of South Africa. Many of these South Africans have become prominent in American business and have interacted with Trump. Trump attaches himself to the personal stories of people he interacts with. I think the real question is "how does South Africa keep the Afrikaners in South Africa?" and not dell on Trumps American invitation because I think many were leaving with or without the invitation.
The term 'Afrikaner' is problematic – an appropriation of African identity, to say the least. It suggests indigeneity. 'Boers' would be a more appropriate term to identify African-born Europeans of Dutch colonial descent.
Afrikaner is literally the German word for African. The Boers, as you describe, adopted/appropriated this term to describe themselves and differentiate themselves from the Dutch. By doing this, we symbolically separated ourselves from other, White/European settlers.
To me, the psychological significance in saying I'm an Afrikaner is much deeper than simply "African-born Europeans of Dutch colonial descent". To me, I'm stating that I identify as an African first and foremost, not as a European who happens to live in Africa or was born in Africa. Just as the Zulu, Xhosa, Venda, Nama, or any other group whose name implies that they are African, Afrikaners are the "white tribe in Africa". Fortunately/unfortunately, it also comes with its own history, the good, the bad and the ugly.
Sometimes the grass looks greener on the side, but wait untill you are on other side it is then that one realises that it's not at all.
Basically this means that all those South African Afrikaner farmers who are fascinated by the Trumps call to over to the States, will only realise when it is too late that farming life in America is not the same as in sunny ☀️☀️☀️ South Africa.
Also taking into consideration the weather conditions it's not going to be a smooth sailing but a bumpy rough sea ⛵⛵⛵ tide.
The American soul and it's seeds are total different and as mentioned earlier the weather ☁️☁️☁️ conditions are vast different.
Another question would be why are Americans farmers not interested in farming or young school leavers are interested. Something is amiss and it's not right.
To all Afrikaners who want to immigrate to America as per Trumps invitation. Please be advised that Trump is only interested in what gives him profit and not about your welfare being.
My advise to you is "think 🤔💭 before you leap because once you leap you cannot think 🤔🧐 again"
Also remember that your friends, colleagues, extended families are here in Mzansi South Africa.
America is a treacherous country and not for sissies. Please think 🤔🤔 wise 🦉🦉🦉 like an owl 🦉🦉🦉.
as a student, I found this quite insightful. I look forward to reading more on this and maybe doing my research on the side.
I think 🤔🧐💭 it would be a good idea